Rural libraries hurt by FCC decisions

By Caelyn Berube

Though they’re often only associated with books, public libraries thrive as technological spaces. Interactive programming (such as helping seniors learn to use computer software or teaching kids how to code) is widespread, and in-library tools (laptops, printers, and public Wi-Fi) have become essential services for those who don’t have access to these technologies at home. Loaning these devices has also skyrocketed in popularity: 24.8% of public libraries circulated laptops for off-site use in 2023, an increase of 8.1% from 2020.

As a library volunteer since 2023, I have seen firsthand the impacts of these services on a community, especially in a rural area. However, when one considers what it takes to provide these services to hundreds of people every day, it becomes clear that local funding just won’t cut it. E-Rate, a federal program providing libraries and schools with affordable connectivity options, is the key to universal digital access in the U.S. library system. It helps these organizations access communications technology (most often Wi-Fi) by receiving discounted bids directly from providers, reducing costs by 20% to 90%. These discounts are greatest in areas with many K-12 students eligible for the free and reduced price school lunch program, furthering assistance to low-income communities. 

In 2014, 90% of libraries had already received support through E-Rate, and that funding’s widespread use has persisted today. Yet E-Rate has been under intense scrutiny from the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) this past year, resulting in a barrage of changes to program policy. One of these is a decision from last September’s FCC open meeting that declared libraries’ mobile hotspot lending programs against the goals of E-Rate, on the premise that they were used outside the physical library buildings. Confining library Wi-Fi to four walls greatly limits access, making it especially difficult for patrons who have to commute long distances to use these services.

Further complicating the application process, a new web portal will replace the direct provider-to-library communications E-Rate has always used. This decision could uproot the time-tested structure of the program itself, making it tremendously more difficult for small, rural, and understaffed libraries to apply for and manage E-Rate funding. Maintaining an online footprint requires trained staff, extra time, and (ironically) internet access — issues already presenting barriers to small libraries everywhere. 

While the FCC states the portal will help organizations comply with E-Rate guidelines and reduce “waste, fraud, and abuse,” there is little evidence to back that up. A 2025 Government Accountability Office review of five federal programs discovered that E-Rate was the only one fully consistent with waste, fraud, and abuse prevention guidelines. Not only has it been proven secure, it’s used as a model for similar federal programs to follow. 

While FCC officials claim to be consolidating and securing the program, all it is likely to accomplish is discouraging small libraries from seeking federal funding. Reducing access to E-Rate now is bound to lead to further reductions; after one program is cut, there’s little reason not to continue breaking it down. 

Although this might feel far away in Washington, there are numerous ways anyone can help the current situation. One of the best ways to stay informed is to talk to your local library staff and find out more about the specific needs in your community — what they receive for funding, how it’s used, and the specific impacts it has. The FCC also uploads their monthly meeting outlines to their website, which can give helpful glances at what new regulations are being considered. 

Although the FCC works independently of Congress, there are still ways for lawmakers to demand accountability, whether it’s through hearings, legislation, or public pressure. There are also ways to comment on proceedings if you have a unique perspective to share. 

E-Rate has become an integral part of the budgets for so many libraries. As informed citizens, it’s up to us to make sure it stays that way.

Berube has volunteered at her local library for three years and currently runs monthly STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Art, Math) programming. She provides this perspective at the invitation of the Maine chapter of the Scholars Strategy Network, which brings together scholars across the country to address public challenges and their policy implications. Member contributions regularly appear in the BDN.